Nova Scotia Court Of Appeal: Raftus V. Raftus
The Raftus decision of the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal found that the determination as to whether an expense is "extraordinary" is to be interpreted on an objective basis, without regard to parental income. Bateman, J.A., while concurring in the result, would interpret "extra-ordinary" subjectively, in relation to
joint parental income. In Raftus, the wife was appealing the decision of a trial judge who refused to find any of the extracurricular expenses submitted by the wife as "extraordinary" s.7 expenses for the children.
The trial judgment was upheld. The expenses submitted totalled $2,259 annually, and were made up of swimming, soccer and Tae Kwan Do lessons, school activities, birthdays, Christmas and special events being claimed as extraordinary extracurricular expenses, under s.7(1)(f) of the guidelines.
The trial judge held that by using the word "extraordinary" to describe the expenses in s.7(1)(f), Parliament has excluded expenses that might usually be associated with such activities. While the trial judge acknowledged the liberal approach taken with respect to the term "extraordinary" found in Middleton v. MacPherson
(16), he found that given the financial circumstances of the applicant, after taking into account the basic level of child support, the expenses claimed were not extraordinary.
Essentially, the trial judge held that the term "extraordinary expense for extracurricular activity" means not the basic expense of the extracurricular activity, but the extraordinary expenses associated with that activity". It was stated:
"I determine that by using the word "extraordinary" to describe the expenses relevant rather than simply having stated expenses for extracurricular activities, Parliament has excluded expenses that might be usually associated with such activities."
The Raftus decision canvasses three approaches taken by most opposing spouses when claiming or defending s.7(1)(f) expenses. The wife's approach is that the cost of any non-school organized activity, irrespective of the financial resources of the parents, qualifies as an extraordinary expense under s.7(1)(f), provided the expense is considered reasonable and necessary in the context of the parents' financial means and that an appropriate amount ought to be "added on" to the basic table sum.
This approach adopts the liberal approach found in the Middleton v. MacPherson decision. The husband's approach is that the applicant must demonstrate that the expense is truly unusual in nature or amount, objectively, without regard to parental income. The third alternative is to look at the expense of the activity, subjectively, in relation to the parents' incomes to determine whether it is an "extraordinary" expense.